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When Courts Exclude Cumulative Testimony

Witness testimony is often one of the most important forms of evidence presented during a civil trial. While multiple witnesses may address the same events...

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How Courts Evaluate Objections to Speculation

Witness testimony is intended to provide information based on personal knowledge rather than guesses or assumptions. During trial, attorneys may object when a question calls...

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How Courts Evaluate Demonstrative Evidence

During trial, parties may use visual aids or other materials to help explain testimony or illustrate complex information. These materials, known as demonstrative evidence, can...

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How Courts Resolve Disputes Over Trial Exhibits

Documents, photographs, physical objects, and other materials are often offered as exhibits during litigation. Before these items may be considered during trial, questions sometimes arise...

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When Courts Permit Consolidation of Related Actions

Litigation can sometimes involve multiple lawsuits that arise from similar facts, involve the same parties, or present overlapping legal issues. When separate cases share significant...

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When Courts Permit Relief From a Default Judgment

Default judgments can occur when a party does not respond to a lawsuit or otherwise fails to participate in the litigation process within the required...

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When Courts Consider Relief From Procedural Defaults

Procedural rules play an important role in civil litigation. Courts rely on filing deadlines, response requirements, scheduling orders, and other procedural obligations to help cases...

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How Courts Handle Motions to Compel Discovery

Discovery allows parties in civil litigation to obtain information that may be relevant to the claims and defenses involved in a case. The discovery process...

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When Courts Permit Remote Testimony in Civil Proceedings

Technology has changed many aspects of civil litigation, including how testimony may be presented in certain circumstances. While in-person testimony remains common, courts may sometimes...

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